Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can lead to several eye-related issues, such as cataracts, eye cancer, pterygium, and photokeratitis.

Photokeratitis tends to develop shortly after significant UV exposure. While it doesn't always result in permanent eye damage, the discomfort and visual disruptions it causes can be extremely troubling. Learn more about the causes and symptoms of photokeratitis below.

What is Photokeratitis?

Photokeratitis occurs when the cornea, the transparent layer covering the colored part of the eye, is damaged due to UV exposure, causing intense pain. This condition can be compared to a sunburn, but instead of affecting the skin, it impacts the cornea.

UV rays can harm both the cornea and the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.

Photokeratitis can be referred to by different names depending on the cause. For example, snow blindness is a type of photokeratitis triggered by UV rays reflected off snow and ice. It is more commonly seen in individuals living in polar regions or high-altitude areas.

Causes of Photokeratitis

The primary cause of photokeratitis is excessive UV exposure, whether from natural or artificial sources. Below are some common triggers:

Sun exposure at high altitudes

At higher elevations, UV rays are more intense. This puts people living in mountainous areas, climbers, and skiers at greater risk of photokeratitis if they don’t adequately protect their eyes.

Reflection from snow, water, and sand

Snow, water, and sand are excellent reflectors of UV rays. UV rays reflected from these surfaces can amplify the harmful effects of sunlight on the eyes.

Use of artificial UV sources

Certain artificial UV lights, such as those from tanning beds, welding equipment, or sterilization lamps, can cause photokeratitis if used without proper eye protection. Welders and tanning bed users should always wear protective eyewear.

Lack of eye protection

Wearing sunglasses or specialized glasses with UV protection is essential to prevent eye damage from UV exposure. Unfortunately, many people overlook this precaution. However, protecting the eyes from UV rays is crucial in reducing the risk of photokeratitis.

Symptoms Of Photokeratitis

Like sunburn on the skin, photokeratitis presents with several symptoms that usually arise within hours after UV exposure. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration and intensity of UV exposure to the eyes.

Some common symptoms include:

• Eye pain
• Red, irritated eyes
• Blurred vision
• Tearing
• A gritty sensation in the eyes
• Swelling
• Sensitivity to bright light
• Headaches
• Seeing halos around lights
• Pupil constriction
• Eyelid twitching
• Temporary vision loss

These symptoms generally last between 6 to 24 hours and tend to resolve within 48 hours. However, prolonged UV exposure can intensify these symptoms.

If you experience any of these signs, immediately remove yourself from the UV source. Apply a cold compress to your eyes, allow them to rest, and avoid rubbing them. Eye drops can help soothe and hydrate the eyes.

If your symptoms do not improve after 24 to 48 hours, it is advisable to consult an eye specialist. You can also access the Ai Care health consultation service by downloading the app from the App Store or Play Store.

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