Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) occurs when there occurs irritation and inflammation of upper respiratory tract. This condition can be caused by viruses or bacteria, leading to a range of respiratory illnesses.

According to NCBI, URTI affects the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and major airways. It can lead to conditions such as acute bronchitis, the common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndrome.

Common Symptoms of URTI

Since URTI can manifest as different diseases, the symptoms may also vary depending on the specific condition. However, as reported by NCBI, general symptoms of URTI include:

• Coughs
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Nasal congestion
• Headache
• Mild fever
• Facial pressure or discomfort
• Sneezing
• General malaise
• Muscle aches (myalgia)

Symptoms typically develop 1-3 days after exposure to the infection and can last for 7-10 days, sometimes extending up to three weeks.

Types of URTI

URTI can affect various parts of the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and airways. The specific symptoms often depend on which area is infected.

According to Medical News Today, here are some of the most common types of URTI:

1. Common Cold

The common cold is usually caused by viral infections and is characterized by symptoms such as:

• Runny or blocked nose
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Coughing and sneezing
• Changes in taste and smell
• Fever
• Facial and ear pressure

Common cold typically resolves within 10-14 days with simple home remedies.

2. Sinusitis

Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses, often resulting in mucus buildup that causes nasal congestion and discomfort. The symptoms include:

• Pain in the eyes, cheeks, and forehead
• Pressure and tenderness in the sinuses
• Nasal discharge
• Blocked nose
• Reduced sense of smell
• Fever
• Bad breath

If symptoms persist for more than 10 days, it is advised to consult a doctor.

3. Sore Throat (Laryngitis)

Laryngitis refers to inflammation of the vocal cords (larynx), leading to:

• Hoarseness or voice loss
• Persistent cough
• Sore throat

Symptoms usually improve within 7-10 days.

4. Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx (back of the throat), causing:

• Sore and itchy throat
• Swelling and inflammation
• Fever
• Headache
• Swallowing difficulty

Treatments of URTI

Most mild URTI cases can be managed at home with proper rest and medications. However, more severe infections may require medical attention to prevent complications.

For home treatment, the following medications can help relieve symptoms:

• Pain relievers: Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, throat lozenges
• Decongestants: Oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine
• Antihistamines: Brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine

These medications are available at pharmacies and supermarkets. Always follow dosage instructions to avoid side effects. If symptoms persist for more than three days or worsen, consult a doctor immediately for further evaluation and treatment.

Looking for more information about other diseases? Click here!