HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) and the flu are both respiratory illnesses. Though they share several similar symptoms, they are caused by different viruses and can affect the body in distinct ways.

In this article, we'll explore the differences between the flu and HMPV so you can identify the symptoms and manage the illness more effectively.

Differences Between Flu and HMPV

Viruses that cause them

Flu, or influenza, is caused by influenza viruses, which come in four main types: A, B, C, and D. Types A and B are the most prevalent in causing seasonal flu in humans. These viruses attack both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and mutate quickly, making it harder for the immune system to recognize and fight them.

On the other hand, HMPV is caused by a virus from the Paramyxoviridae family, which includes viruses like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) that also cause respiratory infections. HMPV was first identified in 2001 and primarily causes acute respiratory infections, particularly in children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms

The symptoms of flu and HMPV are very similar and often overlap, which can make it difficult to distinguish between the two without further medical testing.

Flu symptoms include:

• Sudden high fever
• Muscle and joint aches
• Severe headache
• Dry cough that may worsen over time
• Extreme fatigue
• Symptoms appear more abruptly than HMPV

Symptoms of HMPV include:

• A cough that can become productive
• Nasal congestion
• Shortness of breath, especially in children and older adults
• A milder fever compared to flu
• In severe cases, it may lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia

The transmission

Both the flu and HMPV spread through droplets of saliva released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. They can also be transmitted via direct contact with contaminated surfaces, like doorknobs or tables.

However, the flu tends to spread more easily than HMPV because the influenza virus mutates quickly, making it harder for the immune system to detect and more contagious.

Risk of complications

Flu can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, sinus infections, or aggravation of chronic conditions like asthma. In contrast, HMPV can result in bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and even respiratory failure, particularly in vulnerable groups like children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

Treatments

Treatment for the flu is typically symptomatic, including rest, hydration, a balanced diet, and medications to ease pain and fever. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antiviral drugs to reduce the duration of the illness and prevent the virus from spreading.

An annual influenza vaccine is available and recommended for high-risk individuals, such as children, seniors, and those with chronic conditions, to help reduce the severity of flu symptoms.

For HMPV, there is no specific antiviral treatment. Care is focused on managing symptoms, especially if there is severe wheezing or shortness of breath.

Currently, no vaccine for HMPV exists. If severe symptoms occur, hospitalization and close monitoring may be required.

If you're experiencing flu-like symptoms that seem more aligned with HMPV, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. You can also use the Ai Care app for consultations on flu or HMPV symptoms, available for download from the App Store or Play Store.

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