Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones. This overactivity of the thyroid gland speeds up the body’s metabolism, leading to various symptoms and health issues, one of the most notable being weight loss. But why does hyperthyroidism cause weight loss?

How hyperthyroidism leads to weight loss

Hyperthyroidism can cause unexplained weight loss, even when appetite remains normal or increases. This weight loss can be attributed to several factors:

Increased basal metabolic rate

Hyperthyroidism causes the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These hormones increase the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the number of calories the body burns at rest. With an elevated BMR, the body burns more calories than usual. If calorie intake does not match this increased calorie burn, weight loss will occur.

Stimulation on the sympathetic nervous system

Excess thyroid hormones also stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increased heart rate, higher blood pressure, and more calories being burned. This stimulation can unknowingly increase energy expenditure, contributing to weight loss.

Disruptions of fat and carbohydrate metabolism

High levels of thyroid hormones trigger lipolysis, the process of breaking down fat into energy. This process depletes the body's fat reserves, making weight loss more likely.

Gastrointestinal issues

Hyperthyroidism can accelerate overall metabolism, including the digestive system. Excess thyroid hormones increase muscle contractions, causing the intestines to move faster than usual. This rapid movement reduces the time available for nutrient absorption in the intestines, leading to nutrient deficiencies and unwanted weight loss.

Impact on muscle mass

The increased metabolic rate due to hyperthyroidism can hasten the breakdown of muscle proteins into amino acids, which are then used as additional fuel. As a result, excessive muscle breakdown may occur, leading to a loss of muscle mass. This muscle loss contributes to undesired weight loss, even if your food intake is normal or increased.

Changes in appetite

Due to the increased energy demands, people with hyperthyroidism often feel hungrier. However, despite eating more, the accelerated metabolism ensures that weight loss still occurs.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition that requires medical attention. If you have unexplained weight loss or other symptoms such as increased appetite with weight loss, excessive sweating, irregular menstrual cycles, heat sensitivity, rapid or irregular heartbeat, fatigue, or muscle weakness, you should see a doctor. Your healthcare provider will recommend a thorough examination as well as the appropriate treatment.

For any questions related to hyperthyroidism, you can make use of the consultation features that are available in the AI Care application by downloading the AI Care application from the App Store or Play Store.

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