Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has recently gained attention due to its ability to cause infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tract.

The increasing spread of HMPV cases in China has sparked concern across various countries, including Indonesia. This virus is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with respiratory droplets, making transmission especially easy in crowded environments such as schools, hospitals, and public places.

Read on to learn more about HMPV and its associated symptoms.

What is HMPV?

HMPV, or human metapneumovirus, is a respiratory virus that was first identified in 2001. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, similar to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and is known to cause infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

HMPV is particularly concerning because of its high transmission rate, especially among vulnerable groups such as young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The virus spreads primarily through direct exposure to droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks.

Additionally, HMPV can survive on surfaces such as door handles, toys, and frequently touched objects. Transmission can occur when someone touches a contaminated surface and then touches their face—particularly the nose, mouth, or eyes—without washing their hands.

Symptoms of HMPV Infection

HMPV infection can present with a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe.

Common symptoms include:

• Runny or congested nose
• Mild cough
• Sore throat
• Low-grade fever
• Fatigue or weakness

In more serious cases, this infection can also trigger symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, and asthma flare-ups. If left untreated, these symptoms can progress to severe complications, including:

• Bronchiolitis – Inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, leading to persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing.
• Pneumonia – A lung infection that can cause high fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
• Oxygen deficiency – A condition where oxygen levels in the body drop, potentially requiring respiratory support.

Children under five years old are at an increased risk of developing severe HMPV-related diseases such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Additionally, elderly individuals and those with compromised immune systems are more prone to experiencing serious complications due to the virus. A weakened immune response heightens the risk of severe illness and prolonged recovery.

Is There a Treatment for HMPV Infection?

Currently, there is no specific cure or vaccine available for HMPV. Treatment is generally supportive and focuses on alleviating symptoms while preventing complications.

Patients may be advised to take fever-reducing medication, use a humidifier to ease respiratory discomfort, and ensure sufficient rest during recovery. In severe cases, hospitalization and supplemental oxygen therapy may be necessary.

Do you have further questions about HMPV symptoms and treatment? Consult a medical professional for expert advice. You can also access doctor consultations through the Ai Care app, available for download on the App Store and Play Store.

Looking for more information about other diseases? Click here!