Uterine polyps are growths found on the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. These polyps attach to the endometrium by a thin stalk or a wide base that extends into the uterine cavity. While they are typically harmless, they can lead to irregular menstrual cycles or affect fertility.

Causes and Risk Factors of Uterine Polyps

The exact cause of uterine polyps remains uncertain. Experts believe that hormonal imbalances play a significant role in the development of uterine polyps. These polyps are particularly responsive to estrogen, meaning they tend to grow in response to estrogen levels in the body.

Factors that may increase the likelihood of developing uterine polyps include:

• Premenopause or in their menopause period
• Being overweight
• Taking tamoxifen, a medication used in breast cancer treatment
• Undergoing hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms

Symptoms of Uterine Polyps

Irregular bleeding is the most common symptom of uterine polyps. This includes unexpected bleeding after menopause or irregular menstrual cycles. Those with uterine polyps may also experience longer menstrual cycles, typically between 21-35 days.

Symptoms associated with uterine polyps include:

• Irregular menstrual cycles, with unpredictable timing and flow
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Bleeding or spotting between periods
• Difficulty with conception
• Vaginal bleeding or spotting after menopause
• Bleeding following sexual intercourse

Treatments for Uterine Polyps

Treatment depends on the symptoms experienced and any factors that may heighten the risk of uterine cancer. For individuals of reproductive age without symptoms, a doctor may suggest monitoring the polyps for any changes.

In some cases, polyps may resolve on their own. If symptoms are present, it’s essential to consult a doctor.

Potential treatments of uterine polyps recommended by doctors include:

• Hormonal treatments to help balance hormone levels
• Removal of polyps via hysteroscopy
• Hysterectomy, or surgical removal of the uterus, may be advised if cancerous cells are found in the polyp

Not all uterine polyps need removal. In low-risk cases, such as asymptomatic polyps in premenopausal individuals, doctors may recommend careful observation. However, if a polyp appears after menopause and causes unusual bleeding, a doctor may advise further testing and possible removal.

For those of childbearing age who wish to conceive, polyp removal might also be recommended to support fertility.

Can Uterine Polyps Be Prevented?

Since the exact cause of uterine polyps isn’t fully understood, prevention is challenging. However, regular health check-ups can help monitor uterine health. Through routine examinations, doctors can assess the likelihood of polyp formation and evaluate any present polyps for malignancy.

If you have symptoms that may suggest uterine polyps, see a doctor. You can also access consultation services through the Ai Care app, available for download from the App Store or Play Store.

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