Fibromyalgia is a chronic and widespread syndrome that can lead to persistent body pain, fatigue, and mental distress. The symptoms closely resemble arthritis or joint inflammation, but unlike arthritis, fibromyalgia does not cause inflammation or damage to the joints or muscles.

Individuals with fibromyalgia tend to have an increased sensitivity to pain compared to those without the condition.

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia symptoms often develop following a triggering event such as physical trauma, surgery, infection, or significant psychological stress. Research also suggests that symptoms tend to be more intense in women than in men. Women often report more widespread pain and experience higher levels of morning fatigue.

A 2018 survey published in the American Journal of Public Health found that fibromyalgia in men also leads to severe pain and emotional distress, impacting their quality of life, career, and relationships. However, many men hesitate to seek medical attention due to concerns about being perceived as weak or having their symptoms dismissed.

Primary Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

• Widespread pain, described as a persistent, dull ache lasting for at least three months
• Chronic fatigue, even after extended periods of rest
• Cognitive difficulties, affecting focus, attention, and concentration on mental tasks

In addition to these core symptoms, the American College of Rheumatology reports that some individuals with fibromyalgia may also experience:

• Depression or anxiety
• Migraines
• Digestive issues such as GERD or irritable bowel syndrome
• Overactive bladder
• Pelvic pain
• Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), characterized by facial or jaw pain, jaw clicking, and ringing in the ears

Other symptoms that may accompany fibromyalgia include:

• Visual disturbances
• Nausea
• Unexplained weight gain
• Dizziness
• Flu-like symptoms
• Skin conditions
• Respiratory issues

While symptoms can occur at any age, they are most frequently reported in individuals aged 45 and older.

Causes of Fibromyalgia

The exact cause of fibromyalgia remains unknown, as contributing factors may vary from person to person. However, research suggests several factors that may increase the likelihood of developing fibromyalgia:

• Nervous system involvement – Studies indicate that fibromyalgia affects the nervous system, particularly the central nervous system.
• Genetic predisposition – Fibromyalgia appears to run in families, suggesting a genetic component that may increase susceptibility.
• Physical trauma – Injuries, spinal disorders, arthritis, and other forms of physical stress can potentially trigger fibromyalgia.
• Emotional stress – Similar to physical trauma, emotional distress can influence the body’s response. Hormonal changes related to stress have been associated with fibromyalgia, though the exact mechanism behind the widespread chronic pain remains unclear.
• Autoimmune connection – While fibromyalgia is not classified as an autoimmune disorder, its symptoms resemble conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune diseases involve the body mistakenly attacking its own tissues, and some researchers theorize that fibromyalgia may have an autoimmune component, even though it does not cause inflammation.

Currently, there is no cure for fibromyalgia. Treatment primarily focuses on symptom management through lifestyle adjustments, meditation, and other home-based therapies recommended by healthcare professionals.

Looking for more information about other diseases? Click here!