Diabetes is a long-term health condition that can result in serious complications. One of the most prevalent complications is diabetic kidney disease, also known as diabetic nephropathy.

This condition arises when blood sugar levels are poorly managed. Understanding how diabetes impacts the kidneys is crucial to recognizing its dangers.

The Impact of Diabetes on Kidney Health

The kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood and removing waste products and excess fluids from the body via urine. However, in individuals with diabetes, persistently high blood sugar levels can harm the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hindering their ability to filter blood effectively.

Below are the stages of kidney damage caused by diabetes:

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia refers to a state of excessively high blood sugar levels. When this condition persists without proper management, it can lead to damage in the tiny blood vessels within the kidneys.

Blood Vessel Damage

Elevated blood sugar levels can harm the small blood vessels in the kidneys that are essential for filtering blood. As a result, these blood vessels may leak, impairing the kidneys' ability to efficiently filter waste and fluids.

Proteinuria

When kidney blood vessels are damaged, proteins such as albumin may leak into the urine, a condition known as proteinuria. This is one of the earliest indicators of kidney damage.

In the initial stages, protein in the urine may only be detected in small amounts, typically less than 300 mg daily. At this point, symptoms are generally absent, but it serves as an early warning sign of kidney problems.

As the condition progresses and protein levels in the urine exceed 300 mg per day, visible symptoms like swelling in the feet and face can begin to appear.

Decline in Kidney Function

Over time, continued damage to kidney blood vessels reduces the organs' ability to filter blood effectively. This leads to impaired kidney function, making it difficult for the body to remove waste products and excess fluids.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Diabetic Kidney Disease

In its early stages, diabetic kidney disease often remains asymptomatic. However, as the condition advances, the following symptoms may occur:

• Swelling in the feet, hands, or face
• Difficulty controlling elevated blood pressure
• Reduced urine output or foamy urine
• Persistent fatigue
• Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite
• Itchy skin due to toxin buildup in the bloodstream

Kidney damage associated with diabetes is preventable with proper care. The most effective strategies include managing blood sugar levels with medications, follow a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical activity. Keep your blood pressure within a healthy range, stop smoking, and have regular check-ups to monitor your kidney function.

If your urine tests reveal protein leakage, consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early intervention can prevent further damage. For accessible health advice, consider using the Ai Care app, which you can download from the App Store or Play Store.

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