Kawasaki disease is an uncommon condition that primarily affects children, particularly those under the age of five. This illness leads to inflammation in the walls of blood vessels throughout the body.

First discovered by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967 in Japan, this disease has since become one of the causes of heart problems in children. Without prompt and proper treatment, Kawasaki disease can result in serious complications.

What is Kawasaki Disease?

Kawasaki disease is a condition characterized by inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body. It is especially known for potentially affecting the coronary arteries—the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. This disease can cause aneurysms (abnormal enlargements of blood vessels) and other severe heart-related issues.

Causes of Kawasaki Disease 

The exact cause of Kawasaki disease remains unclear. However, experts believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development.

Several factors are thought to increase the risk of developing Kawasaki disease, including:

• Age: Children under five years old are more prone to this condition.
• Gender: Boys are at a slightly higher risk than girls.
• Ethnicity: Children of Asian descent, particularly those of Japanese or Korean heritage, are at a higher risk of Kawasaki disease.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease

Children with Kawasaki disease typically experience a high fever over 39° Celsius lasting five days or more, along with the following symptoms:

• A rash in the torso or genital region
• Swollen and painful lymph nodes, especially in the neck
• Red eyes without discharge
• Dry, cracked lips, and a red, swollen tongue
• Red, swollen skin on the palms and soles

In addition to these primary symptoms, Kawasaki disease may also be accompanied by:

• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Joint pain
• Extreme irritability

What Are the Dangers of Kawasaki Disease in Children?

Kawasaki disease can be treated successfully with the right care. However, if left undiagnosed and untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including:

• Damage to the coronary blood vessels
• Heart failure
• Arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythms)
• Heart valve issues
• Rupture of the coronary arteries
• Inflammation of organs such as the liver, lungs, and pancreas
• Formation of plaque in the coronary arteries

While the risks of Kawasaki disease are concerning, early detection and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the chances of severe complications.

If you notice signs of Kawasaki disease in your child, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately. You can also use the health consultation feature on the Ai Care app, available for download from the App Store or Play Store.

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