Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful and debilitating condition that limits the range of motion in the shoulder. The condition occurs when the shoulder's joint capsule thickens and tightens, making movement difficult. Over time, this can lead to severe pain and stiffness.

Here’s a breakdown of the causes and treatments for frozen shoulder:

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder occurs when inflammation causes the shoulder joint capsule, which encases the bones, ligaments, and tendons, to thicken and tighten. This inflammation leads to the formation of scar tissue and a reduction in lubricating fluid, making normal shoulder movement and rotation difficult.

Some common risk factors for frozen shoulder include:

• Age: Most common in adults aged 40-60.
• Gender: More prevalent in women than men.
• Shoulder injury: Past shoulder injuries increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder.
• Medical conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, stroke, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and heart disease can increase the likelihood of developing frozen shoulder.

How to Treat Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder usually improves over time with proper care, but it may take up to 3 years to fully heal. Treatment typically involves a combination of physical therapy, medication, and sometimes surgery.

Here are some common treatments:

Hot or Cold Compresses

Applying heat or cold to the shoulder can help alleviate pain. Use a hot water bottle or warm towel for 20 minutes daily. Cold compresses may also be beneficial to reduce swelling.

Medications

Doctors may prescribe steroid injections to reduce severe pain and inflammation. Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can also help manage symptoms.

Physiotherapy

Physical therapy is the cornerstone of treatment. It helps stretch the shoulder joint and restores lost mobility. Routine therapy typically lasts 6-9 months, depending on the severity.

Massages

Regular massage can alleviate pain and improve the shoulder's range of motion. A gentle massage using your unaffected hand or tools like a foam roller can be effective.

Stretching Exercises

Specific exercises can aid in regaining shoulder movement. These include:

• Pendulum Swing:
  • Stand with your injured arm holding a light dumbbell
  • Swing it forward, backward, and in circles.
  • Repeat 10 times.
• Cross-Body Stretch:
  • With the injured hand on the opposite shoulder, use the other hand to gently push the elbow toward the body.
  • Hold for a few seconds, and repeat 5 times. 

Electrotherapy

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a treatment that numbs the pain by applying small electrical pads to the shoulder. This can be done at home or in a physiotherapy clinic.

If you experience shoulder pain and limited range of movement (ROM), it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider. For additional support, you can also access the consultation feature through the Ai Care app, available on both the App Store and Play Store.

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