Androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata are both types of hair loss that can lead to baldness. However, they differ significantly in terms of their patterns, underlying causes, and treatment options.

Read on to understand the distinctions between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata in more detail.

What is Androgenic Alopecia?

Androgenic alopecia refers to hair loss influenced by androgens (hormones) and genetic factors. It is the most prevalent type of hair loss, affecting both men and women.

In men, hair follicles' sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) can shorten the hair growth phase, leading to hair loss. Genetic factors, particularly those inherited from the mother’s side, further contribute to the likelihood of developing androgenic alopecia.

For women, the condition is also influenced by genetics, but hormonal fluctuations—such as those during menopause—tend to accelerate the hair loss process.

Characteristics of Androgenic Alopecia

In men, the following characteristics are common:

• Hair loss typically begins at both temples, causing the hairline to recede and form a distinct M-shaped pattern.
• Hair thinning tends to occur rapidly on the crown of the head.
• In advanced stages, this thinning may extend to the top of the head, eventually resulting in partial or total baldness.

In women, the pattern is different:

• Hair loss typically begins to thin gradually, especially at the crown, and then spreads toward the back of the head.
• Unlike men, women usually retain their forehead hairline, which does not recede.
• Full baldness is rare, although hair may become quite thin in certain areas.

What is Alopecia Areata?

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly targets the hair follicles, perceiving them as a threat. This leads to patchy hair loss, often in circular or coin-shaped patches.

The exact cause of alopecia areata is not well understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to play a role. For instance, individuals with a family history of alopecia areata or autoimmune disorders are at higher risk of developing this condition.

Environmental triggers, including emotional stress, physical trauma, infections, scalp injuries, chemical exposure, pollution, and hormonal changes, can all potentially trigger alopecia areata in susceptible individuals.

Alopecia areata can affect both men and women of all ages, and it may develop suddenly, without warning.

Characteristics of Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is known for its distinct symptoms, which include:

• Round, coin-shaped patches of hair loss.
• Hair loss can occur not only on the scalp but also on the beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, and other areas where hair grows.
• Visible hair stubs, often appearing as black dots, may remain in the bald patches.
• New hair growth typically starts as white or gray before eventually returning to its normal color.
• Itching or irritation may occur in the affected areas.
• The skin around the bald patches may turn red, brown, gray, or purple.

In addition to these symptoms, alopecia areata can sometimes cause changes in the nails, making them appear jagged, uneven, brittle, or more prone to breaking.

While neither androgenic alopecia nor alopecia areata can be completely cured, treatments are available that can help improve hair appearance and boost confidence. If you notice symptoms of hair loss resembling either androgenic alopecia or alopecia areata, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional who can evaluate your condition and suggest the best course of treatment.

Additionally, for easy access to professional advice, consider using the health consultation feature on the Ai Care app, available for download on the App Store or Play Store.

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