Sports supplements are typically classified into two categories, one of which is pre-workout supplements. Pre-workout supplements are those taken before a workout. Their primary purpose is to boost energy, focus, and performance.
Types of pre-workout supplements and their benefits
Taking supplements before a workout aims to increase energy, speed up recovery, and relieve fatigue after exercise. Here are some ingredients commonly found in pre-workout supplements:
Caffeine
Caffeine is one of the most effective and affordable workout supplements. It is commonly used as a main ingredient in pre-workout supplements. Caffeine has various benefits, including improving athletic performance by reducing fatigue perception, increasing fat oxidation, and enhancing strength, speed, and muscular endurance during strength training such as weight lifting.
Caffeine is generally safe for most people when consumed in appropriate amounts. The recommended dose for improving athletic performance is approximately 3-6 mg per kilogram of body weight. However, individuals should consider their own tolerance and consult a doctor or nutritionist first.
Nitric oxide precursors
Nitric oxide precursors are compounds commonly found in pre-workout supplements due to their ability to promote nitric oxide production in the body. Nitric oxide helps dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow and transporting oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. Nitric oxide precursors include L-arginine, L-citrulline, and nitrate-rich foods like beetroot juice, spinach, and watercress.
Creatine
Creatine supplements can help increase creatine levels in muscles, enabling muscles to produce more energy during intense exercise. Creatine also aids in speeding up muscle recovery after intense workouts and reducing muscle damage and fatigue. Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass when used consistently.
Beta-alanine
Beta-alanine is an important amino acid that raises carnosine levels in the muscles. Carnosine helps regulate muscle pH and slows the accumulation of lactic acid during high-intensity exercise. By reducing lactic acid buildup, beta-alanine can help your muscles work harder and longer during exercise.
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAS)
BCAAs are composed of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These are critical components in muscle-building and maintenance processes. BCAAs have been shown to promote muscle protein synthesis, which is essential for optimal muscle growth and maintenance. Consuming BCAAs before training can help reduce muscle soreness after strenuous or high-intensity exercise.
Pre-workout supplements are generally considered safe, but it’s essential to consult with a professional before beginning to use them and ensure you select supplements from reputable manufacturers. Some pre-workout supplements can cause heart palpitations, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and digestive issues. Consulting a doctor or nutritionist prior to use can help reduce these risks.
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- Sean Edbert Lim, MBBS
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Cleveland Clinic (2022). Pre-Workout: What Does It Really Do?. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-taking-a-pre-workout-actually-work
Rudy Mawer, MSc, CISSN (2021). How Caffeine Improves Exercise Performance. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/caffeine-and-exercise
Cleveland Clinic (2023). Creatine. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17674-creatine
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WebMD (2020). Branched-Chain Amino Acids (Bcaa) - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1005/branched-chain-amino-acids-bcaa